id,target_name_canonical,target_type,target_uniprot,aptamer_name,aptamer_seq,kd_reported,kd_log10_molar,measurement_class,binding_constant_type,tier,source_origin,verification_level,sequence_status,seq_source,pi_provenance_flag,assay_method,assay_temperature_k,assay_ph,assay_buffer,assay_cations,aptamer_chemistry,aptamer_modifications,source_pmid,doi,verbatim_quote,source_db
56,von Willebrand factor A1-domain,protein,P04275,Rn-DsDsDs-53mh,,61.3 pM,-10.213,intrinsic,Kd,Gold,v4,extraction_verified,pending_manual_supp,,,SPR,310.15,,1 × PBS supplemented with 0.05% (w/v) Nonidet P-40,,DNA,"Ds (7-(2-thienyl)imidazo[4,5b]pyridine); mini-hairpin DNA",27966933,10.1021/jacs.6b10767,RnDsDsDs-53mh ( K D = 61.3 pM),step2c_literal_v3
53,von Willebrand factor A1-domain,protein,P04275,Rn-DsDsDs-44,,74.9 pM,-10.126,intrinsic,Kd,Gold,v4,extraction_verified,pending_manual_supp,,,SPR,310.15,,1 × PBS supplemented with 0.05% (w/v) Nonidet P-40,,DNA,"Ds (7-(2-thienyl)imidazo[4,5b]pyridine)",27966933,10.1021/jacs.6b10767,Rn-DsDsDs-44 ( K D = 74.9 pM) exhibited the highest a ffi nity,step2c_literal_v3
57,von Willebrand factor A1-domain,protein,P04275,Rn-DsDs-51mh2,,182.0 pM,-9.74,intrinsic,Kd,Gold,v4,extraction_verified,pending_manual_supp,,,SPR,310.15,,1 × PBS supplemented with 0.05% (w/v) Nonidet P-40,,DNA,"Ds (7-(2-thienyl)imidazo[4,5b]pyridine); mini-hairpin DNA",27966933,10.1021/jacs.6b10767,Rn-DsDs-51mh2 ( K D = 182 pM),step2c_literal_v3
55,von Willebrand factor A1-domain,protein,P04275,ARC1172-41,,326.0 pM,-9.487,intrinsic,Kd,Gold,v4,extraction_verified,pending_manual_supp,,,SPR,310.15,,1 × PBS supplemented with 0.05% (w/v) Nonidet P-40,,DNA,,27966933,10.1021/jacs.6b10767,ARC1172-41 ( K D = 326 pM),step2c_literal_v3
478,FLRPp (O serotype),protein,,FMD_1,,3.46e-10 M,-9.461,intrinsic,Kd,Gold,v4,multi_agent_verified,pending_manual_supp,,,SPR,,,,,DNA,,42010751,10.1021/acs.analchem.5c04748,dissociation constants ( KD ) of 3.46 × 10 -10 M,step2c_acs_v1
54,von Willebrand factor A1-domain,protein,P04275,Pr-DsDsDs-40,,1.03 nM,-8.987,intrinsic,Kd,Gold,v4,extraction_verified,pending_manual_supp,,,SPR,310.15,,1 × PBS supplemented with 0.05% (w/v) Nonidet P-40,,DNA,"Ds (7-(2-thienyl)imidazo[4,5b]pyridine)",27966933,10.1021/jacs.6b10767,Pr-DsDsDs-40 ( K D = 1.03 nM),step2c_literal_v3
108,thrombin,protein,P00734,T.7,,1.5 nM,-8.824,intrinsic,Kd,Gold,v4,extraction_verified,pending_manual_supp,,,SPR,,,binding buffer supplemented with 0.05% of Tween-20,,DNA,,37798416,10.1038/s41587-023-01973-8,T.7 exhibited the strongest binding signal with a 1.5 nM K d,step2c_literal_v3
337,human α-thrombin,protein,P00734,LOOPER modified thrombin aptamer,,1.6000000000000003e-09 M,-8.796,intrinsic,Kd,Gold,v4,multi_agent_verified,pending_manual_supp,,,SPR,,,,,DNA,diversely functionalized; heteromultivalent,28938065,10.1021/jacs.7b07241,"Using single-cycle kinetics surface plasmon resonance (SPR), the LOOPER aptamer exhibited a Kd of 1.6 nM",step2c_acs_v1
139,PTK7,protein,Q13308,4AsF,,7.2 nM,-8.143,intrinsic,Kd,Gold,v4,extraction_verified,pending_manual_supp,,,SPR,310.15,7.4,1 × DPBS,5.0,DNA,"SF at positions A23, A24, A25, A26",41065179,10.1021/jacs.5c11823,"4AsF, which exhibited a 10-fold reduction compared to 4APS (0.77 vs 7.20 nM)",step2c_literal_v3
314,hMMP-9,protein,,F3Bomf,,2e-08 M,-7.699,intrinsic,Kd,Gold,v4,multi_agent_verified,pending_manual_supp,,,SPR,296.15,,PBS buffer,,2'-OMe-RNA,2'-O-methyl purine; 2'-fluoro pyrimidine; 5'-hexylamino linker; 5'-MAG3 conjugate,23043415,10.1021/bc300146c,"The K d was taken as the concentration leading to half saturation, i.e., about 20 nM.",step2c_acs_v1
136,Tau,protein,P10636,Apt,,62.5 nM,-7.204,intrinsic,Kd,Gold,v4,extraction_verified,pending_manual_supp,,,SPR,298.15,,DPBS containing 5 mM MgCl2,5.0,DNA,Cy5-labelled; DBCO-labelled,41034513,10.1038/s41551-025-01525-2,Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) assay revealed that Apt could specifically bind to Tau proteins with high affinity (dissociation constant = 62.5 ± 1.1 nM),step2c_literal_v3
388,patulin,protein,,PAT Rep,,4e-05 M,-4.398,intrinsic,Kd,Gold,v4,multi_agent_verified,pending_manual_supp,,,SPR,,,PBS,,DNA,5' biotin,35546052,10.1021/acs.jafc.2c01591,PAT Rep showed a K D value of 4.0 × 10 -5 M,step2c_acs_v1