id,target_name_canonical,target_type,target_uniprot,aptamer_name,aptamer_seq,kd_reported,kd_log10_molar,measurement_class,binding_constant_type,tier,source_origin,verification_level,sequence_status,seq_source,pi_provenance_flag,assay_method,assay_temperature_k,assay_ph,assay_buffer,assay_cations,aptamer_chemistry,aptamer_modifications,source_pmid,doi,verbatim_quote,source_db
348,NP,protein,Q16612,NP-C04,,8.1e-09 M,-8.092,intrinsic,Kd,Gold,v4,multi_agent_verified,pending_manual_supp,,,fluorescence,,7.4,"20 mM HEPES, 150 mM NaCl, 2 mM KCl, 2 mM MgCl2, and 2 mM CaCl2 (pH 7.4)",,DNA,FAM,30740973,10.1021/acs.analchem.8b04623,"the K d values of NP-D01, NP-C04, and NP-D02 were 76..1 ± 10.9, 8.1 ± 2.4, and 41.3 ± 9.5 nM, respectively.",step2c_acs_v1
424,verrucarin A,protein,,Ver1_JYP,,2.9500000000000003e-08 M,-7.53,intrinsic,Kd,Gold,v4,multi_agent_verified,pending_manual_supp,,,fluorescence,,7.4,SELEX buffer,,DNA,,39404132,10.1021/acs.analchem.4c03307,The novel ssDNA aptamer exhibited a binding affinity of 29.5 nM,step2c_acs_v1
354,paramylon,protein,,Par-15,,3.49e-08 M,-7.457,intrinsic,Kd,Gold,v4,multi_agent_verified,pending_manual_supp,,,fluorescence,,7.5,"binding buffer (50 mM Tris, 150 mM NaCl, 5 mM MgCl2, 1 mM EDTA, pH 7.5)",,DNA,FAM,31809034,10.1021/acs.jafc.9b04588,"The estimated K d values of fi ve selected aptamers, Par-7, Par-15, Par-18, Par-20, and Par-22, are 17.45 ± 2.61, 34.90 ± 5.83, 64.06 ± 6.72, 123.81 ± 13.41, and 249.52 ± 46.39 nM, respectively.",step2c_acs_v1
355,paramylon,protein,,Par-18,,6.406e-08 M,-7.193,intrinsic,Kd,Gold,v4,multi_agent_verified,pending_manual_supp,,,fluorescence,,7.5,"binding buffer (50 mM Tris, 150 mM NaCl, 5 mM MgCl2, 1 mM EDTA, pH 7.5)",,DNA,FAM,31809034,10.1021/acs.jafc.9b04588,"The estimated K d values of fi ve selected aptamers, Par-7, Par-15, Par-18, Par-20, and Par-22, are 17.45 ± 2.61, 34.90 ± 5.83, 64.06 ± 6.72, 123.81 ± 13.41, and 249.52 ± 46.39 nM, respectively.",step2c_acs_v1
400,6'-sialyllactose,protein,Q9Y3R4,Apt9-1,,9.175000000000001e-08 M,-7.037,intrinsic,Kd,Gold,v4,multi_agent_verified,pending_manual_supp,,,fluorescence,298.15,7.4,10 mM PBS (pH 7.4),,DNA,,36700646,10.1021/acs.jafc.2c07784,A 35 nt truncated aptamer Apt9-1 ( K d = 91.75 nM) with higher affinity than Apt9 was finally obtained.,step2c_acs_v1
436,SIRT2,protein,Q8IXJ6,Apt 45,,1.233e-07 M,-6.909,intrinsic,Kd,Gold,v4,multi_agent_verified,pending_manual_supp,,,fluorescence,310.15,,,,DNA,FAM,40200675,10.1021/acs.analchem.5c00066,selected Apt 45 ( K d = 123.3 nM) to fabricate the 'turn-on' fluorescent biosensor,step2c_acs_v1
399,6'-sialyllactose,protein,Q9Y3R4,Apt9,,1.5230000000000003e-07 M,-6.817,intrinsic,Kd,Gold,v4,multi_agent_verified,pending_manual_supp,,,fluorescence,298.15,7.4,10 mM PBS (pH 7.4),,DNA,,36700646,10.1021/acs.jafc.2c07784,The ssDNA aptamer Apt9 ( K d = 152.3 nM) with a length of 79 nucleotides (nt) was demonstrated as the optimal aptamer candidate,step2c_acs_v1
467,benzovindiflupyr,protein,,Apt.BZF01,,2.2650000000000002e-07 M,-6.645,intrinsic,Kd,Gold,v4,multi_agent_verified,pending_manual_supp,,,fluorescence,,,,,DNA,,41614999,10.1021/acs.jafc.5c15044,corrected KDs of 226.5 nM (Apt.BZF01),step2c_acs_v1
425,verrucarin A,protein,,14_Ver1,,2.2e-06 M,-5.658,intrinsic,Kd,Gold,v4,multi_agent_verified,pending_manual_supp,,,fluorescence,,7.4,SELEX buffer,,DNA,6-FAM at 5'-end; dabcyl at 3'-end,39404132,10.1021/acs.analchem.4c03307,The binding test demonstrated that the decrease in fluorescence was correlated with increasing verrucarin A concentration with K D = 2.2 μM.,step2c_acs_v1
426,verrucarin A,protein,,Ver1_JYP (C32G mutant),,2.2999999999999996e-06 M,-5.638,intrinsic,Kd,Gold,v4,multi_agent_verified,pending_manual_supp,,,fluorescence,,7.4,SELEX buffer,,DNA,C32G mutation,39404132,10.1021/acs.analchem.4c03307,guanine with both functional groups exhibited partially recovered binding activity ( K D = 2.3 μM).,step2c_acs_v1
463,Patulin,protein,,PTL-1,,1.8399999999999997e-05 M,-4.735,intrinsic,Kd,Gold,v4,multi_agent_verified,pending_manual_supp,,,fluorescence,,6.0,"selection buffer (10 mM MES, pH 6.0, 150 mM NaCl, 5 mM MgCl2)",,DNA,,41473783,10.1186/s44280-025-00101-2,yielding an apparent K d of 18.4 μM,step2c_acs_v1
464,Patulin,protein,,PAT-6,,4.8e-05 M,-4.319,intrinsic,Kd,Gold,v4,multi_agent_verified,pending_manual_supp,,,fluorescence,,6.0,"20 mM MES buffer, pH = 6.0, with 150 mM NaCl and 2.0 mM MgCl2",,DNA,,41473783,10.1186/s44280-025-00101-2,"PAT-6 has weaker binding affinities ( Kd = 48 μM by ThT, Fig. 4S)",step2c_acs_v1
471,L-lactate,protein,Q9BYZ2,Lac201,,0.0009000000000000001 M,-3.046,intrinsic,Kd,Gold,v4,multi_agent_verified,pending_manual_supp,,,fluorescence,296.15,,SELEX buffer,,DNA,2AP,41779931,10.1021/acs.analchem.5c07149,"the fitted K d was 0.9 mM (Figure 5C, black line)",step2c_acs_v1
457,Tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane,protein,,Tris aptamer,,0.0026000000000000003 M,-2.585,intrinsic,Kd,Gold,v4,multi_agent_verified,pending_manual_supp,,,fluorescence,,,,,DNA,,40905906,10.1021/acs.analchem.5c03351,ThT yielded K d values changed modestly from 1.6 to 2.6 mM,step2c_acs_v1
473,L-lactate,protein,Q9BYZ2,Lac2059,,0.0033 M,-2.481,intrinsic,Kd,Gold,v4,multi_agent_verified,pending_manual_supp,,,fluorescence,296.15,,SELEX buffer,,DNA,2AP,41779931,10.1021/acs.analchem.5c07149,The fitted K d was 3.3 mM for this 2AP-labeled aptamer,step2c_acs_v1
472,L-lactate,protein,Q9BYZ2,Lac201,,0.0043 M,-2.367,intrinsic,Kd,Gold,v4,multi_agent_verified,pending_manual_supp,,,fluorescence,296.15,,SELEX buffer,,DNA,2AP,41779931,10.1021/acs.analchem.5c07149,although the obtained K d (4.3 mM) was about 5-fold higher than that obtained using Mg 2+ .,step2c_acs_v1