scout: v_kd: 16 rows where assay_method = "fluorescence", sequence_status = "pending_manual_supp" and verification_level = "multi_agent_verified" sorted by kd_log10

742 distinct verbatim-verified aptamer–target Kd measurements (canonical Gold v1; 555 intrinsic-equilibrium; 300 unique targets; 287 publications; 435 carry a verbatim-verified sequence). ★HOW TO READ: 'kd_reported' is the value EXACTLY as written in the paper (units are MIXED — pM/nM/M — so it is NOT directly comparable). To compare, sort, or train an ML model, use ONLY 'kd_log10_molar' (lower = tighter) and filter measurement_class=intrinsic + target_type=protein. The same target appears in several rows because of different aptamers, assays, conditions (temperature/buffer) or papers — see those columns. For a clean ready-to-use subset use the 'kd_ready_to_use' query. Source: corpus literature-extraction pipeline (E. Dohi).

Data license: CC BY 4.0 · Data source: apt-scout automated curation pipeline (E. Dohi, NCNP) — values harvested from public databases; raw source stored per target

target_name_canonical: Target as named in the source paper.
target_type: protein / cell-line+EV / glycan-conjugate. Filter to 'protein' for molecular targets.
target_uniprot: UniProt accession when a human protein (sparse for now; links to apt-scout target).
aptamer_name: Aptamer identifier as reported.
kd_reported: Kd value AS REPORTED in the paper (value + unit). Units are MIXED — do NOT compare this column directly.
kd_log10_molar: log10(Kd in molar). THE column to sort / compare / learn on (lower = tighter).
measurement_class: intrinsic = equilibrium vs purified target; non_intrinsic = apparent/cellular or avidity (NOT comparable to intrinsic).
binding_constant_type: Kd / apparent-Kd etc. as reported.
assay_method: SPR / filter binding / flow cytometry / ITC / BLI …
assay_temperature_k: Assay temperature (K) — a reason the same pair can have several rows.
source_pmid: PubMed ID of the source paper (links out).
verbatim_quote: The exact sentence the value was taken from.
verification_level: QC status (honest, growing): human_verified / human_corrected = a logged human verdict from the stratified-random sample; multi_agent_verified = passed independent multi-agent (L2) check; extraction_verified = extraction-pipeline verified; automated. Human verification is in progress: as of this release 0 records carry a logged human verdict — the published set is multi-agent-/extraction-verified, and human spot-checking is being added post-publication (version-tracked). No record is labelled human_verified without a logged human review.
sequence_status: Aptamer-sequence provenance: verified_in_text_or_SI = sequence verbatim-verified against the source text/SI (shown); pending_manual_supp / pending_supp_oa / pending_manual_figure = sequence reported only in a (often paywalled) SI or a figure, being curated post-submission; no_single_sequence_pool = a pool/library/primer, no single sequence exists.
pi_provenance_flag: PI manual-review flag: KEEP_seq_in_figure = valid record, sequence is in a 3D-structure figure; FLAG_cited_data = Kd may be a value cited from elsewhere, re-verify. (EXCLUDE rows are hidden from this view.)
seq_source: original (already in source DB) / backfill_text_verified (recovered from paper or SI text).

16 rows where assay_method = "fluorescence", sequence_status = "pending_manual_supp" and verification_level = "multi_agent_verified" sorted by kd_log10_molar

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id	target_name_canonical	target_type	target_uniprot	aptamer_name	kd_reported	kd_log10_molar ▼	measurement_class	binding_constant_type	tier	source_origin	verification_level	sequence_status	assay_method	assay_temperature_k	assay_ph	assay_buffer	aptamer_chemistry	aptamer_modifications	source_pmid	doi	verbatim_quote	source_db
348	NP	protein	Q16612	NP-C04	8.1e-09 M	-8.092	intrinsic	Kd	Gold	v4	multi_agent_verified	pending_manual_supp	fluorescence		7.4	20 mM HEPES, 150 mM NaCl, 2 mM KCl, 2 mM MgCl2, and 2 mM CaCl2 (pH 7.4)	DNA	FAM	30740973	10.1021/acs.analchem.8b04623	the K d values of NP-D01, NP-C04, and NP-D02 were 76..1 ± 10.9, 8.1 ± 2.4, and 41.3 ± 9.5 nM, respectively.	step2c_acs_v1
424	verrucarin A	protein		Ver1_JYP	2.9500000000000003e-08 M	-7.53	intrinsic	Kd	Gold	v4	multi_agent_verified	pending_manual_supp	fluorescence		7.4	SELEX buffer	DNA		39404132	10.1021/acs.analchem.4c03307	The novel ssDNA aptamer exhibited a binding affinity of 29.5 nM	step2c_acs_v1
354	paramylon	protein		Par-15	3.49e-08 M	-7.457	intrinsic	Kd	Gold	v4	multi_agent_verified	pending_manual_supp	fluorescence		7.5	binding buffer (50 mM Tris, 150 mM NaCl, 5 mM MgCl2, 1 mM EDTA, pH 7.5)	DNA	FAM	31809034	10.1021/acs.jafc.9b04588	The estimated K d values of fi ve selected aptamers, Par-7, Par-15, Par-18, Par-20, and Par-22, are 17.45 ± 2.61, 34.90 ± 5.83, 64.06 ± 6.72, 123.81 ± 13.41, and 249.52 ± 46.39 nM, respectively.	step2c_acs_v1
355	paramylon	protein		Par-18	6.406e-08 M	-7.193	intrinsic	Kd	Gold	v4	multi_agent_verified	pending_manual_supp	fluorescence		7.5	binding buffer (50 mM Tris, 150 mM NaCl, 5 mM MgCl2, 1 mM EDTA, pH 7.5)	DNA	FAM	31809034	10.1021/acs.jafc.9b04588	The estimated K d values of fi ve selected aptamers, Par-7, Par-15, Par-18, Par-20, and Par-22, are 17.45 ± 2.61, 34.90 ± 5.83, 64.06 ± 6.72, 123.81 ± 13.41, and 249.52 ± 46.39 nM, respectively.	step2c_acs_v1
400	6'-sialyllactose	protein	Q9Y3R4	Apt9-1	9.175000000000001e-08 M	-7.037	intrinsic	Kd	Gold	v4	multi_agent_verified	pending_manual_supp	fluorescence	298.15	7.4	10 mM PBS (pH 7.4)	DNA		36700646	10.1021/acs.jafc.2c07784	A 35 nt truncated aptamer Apt9-1 ( K d = 91.75 nM) with higher affinity than Apt9 was finally obtained.	step2c_acs_v1
436	SIRT2	protein	Q8IXJ6	Apt 45	1.233e-07 M	-6.909	intrinsic	Kd	Gold	v4	multi_agent_verified	pending_manual_supp	fluorescence	310.15			DNA	FAM	40200675	10.1021/acs.analchem.5c00066	selected Apt 45 ( K d = 123.3 nM) to fabricate the 'turn-on' fluorescent biosensor	step2c_acs_v1
399	6'-sialyllactose	protein	Q9Y3R4	Apt9	1.5230000000000003e-07 M	-6.817	intrinsic	Kd	Gold	v4	multi_agent_verified	pending_manual_supp	fluorescence	298.15	7.4	10 mM PBS (pH 7.4)	DNA		36700646	10.1021/acs.jafc.2c07784	The ssDNA aptamer Apt9 ( K d = 152.3 nM) with a length of 79 nucleotides (nt) was demonstrated as the optimal aptamer candidate	step2c_acs_v1
467	benzovindiflupyr	protein		Apt.BZF01	2.2650000000000002e-07 M	-6.645	intrinsic	Kd	Gold	v4	multi_agent_verified	pending_manual_supp	fluorescence				DNA		41614999	10.1021/acs.jafc.5c15044	corrected KDs of 226.5 nM (Apt.BZF01)	step2c_acs_v1
425	verrucarin A	protein		14_Ver1	2.2e-06 M	-5.658	intrinsic	Kd	Gold	v4	multi_agent_verified	pending_manual_supp	fluorescence		7.4	SELEX buffer	DNA	6-FAM at 5'-end; dabcyl at 3'-end	39404132	10.1021/acs.analchem.4c03307	The binding test demonstrated that the decrease in fluorescence was correlated with increasing verrucarin A concentration with K D = 2.2 μM.	step2c_acs_v1
426	verrucarin A	protein		Ver1_JYP (C32G mutant)	2.2999999999999996e-06 M	-5.638	intrinsic	Kd	Gold	v4	multi_agent_verified	pending_manual_supp	fluorescence		7.4	SELEX buffer	DNA	C32G mutation	39404132	10.1021/acs.analchem.4c03307	guanine with both functional groups exhibited partially recovered binding activity ( K D = 2.3 μM).	step2c_acs_v1
463	Patulin	protein		PTL-1	1.8399999999999997e-05 M	-4.735	intrinsic	Kd	Gold	v4	multi_agent_verified	pending_manual_supp	fluorescence		6.0	selection buffer (10 mM MES, pH 6.0, 150 mM NaCl, 5 mM MgCl2)	DNA		41473783	10.1186/s44280-025-00101-2	yielding an apparent K d of 18.4 μM	step2c_acs_v1
464	Patulin	protein		PAT-6	4.8e-05 M	-4.319	intrinsic	Kd	Gold	v4	multi_agent_verified	pending_manual_supp	fluorescence		6.0	20 mM MES buffer, pH = 6.0, with 150 mM NaCl and 2.0 mM MgCl2	DNA		41473783	10.1186/s44280-025-00101-2	PAT-6 has weaker binding affinities ( Kd = 48 μM by ThT, Fig. 4S)	step2c_acs_v1
471	L-lactate	protein	Q9BYZ2	Lac201	0.0009000000000000001 M	-3.046	intrinsic	Kd	Gold	v4	multi_agent_verified	pending_manual_supp	fluorescence	296.15		SELEX buffer	DNA	2AP	41779931	10.1021/acs.analchem.5c07149	the fitted K d was 0.9 mM (Figure 5C, black line)	step2c_acs_v1
457	Tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane	protein		Tris aptamer	0.0026000000000000003 M	-2.585	intrinsic	Kd	Gold	v4	multi_agent_verified	pending_manual_supp	fluorescence				DNA		40905906	10.1021/acs.analchem.5c03351	ThT yielded K d values changed modestly from 1.6 to 2.6 mM	step2c_acs_v1
473	L-lactate	protein	Q9BYZ2	Lac2059	0.0033 M	-2.481	intrinsic	Kd	Gold	v4	multi_agent_verified	pending_manual_supp	fluorescence	296.15		SELEX buffer	DNA	2AP	41779931	10.1021/acs.analchem.5c07149	The fitted K d was 3.3 mM for this 2AP-labeled aptamer	step2c_acs_v1
472	L-lactate	protein	Q9BYZ2	Lac201	0.0043 M	-2.367	intrinsic	Kd	Gold	v4	multi_agent_verified	pending_manual_supp	fluorescence	296.15		SELEX buffer	DNA	2AP	41779931	10.1021/acs.analchem.5c07149	although the obtained K d (4.3 mM) was about 5-fold higher than that obtained using Mg 2+ .	step2c_acs_v1

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CREATE VIEW v_kd AS
SELECT k.id,
 target_name_canonical,
 CASE
   WHEN target_name_canonical LIKE '%cell%' OR target_name_canonical LIKE '%vesicle%' OR target_name_canonical LIKE '%exosome%' THEN 'cell/EV'
   WHEN target_name_canonical LIKE '%BSA%' OR target_name_canonical LIKE '%sLe%' OR target_name_canonical LIKE '%glycan%' OR target_name_canonical LIKE '% Le %' THEN 'glycan/conjugate'
   ELSE 'protein'
 END AS target_type,
 target_uniprot, aptamer_name, aptamer_seq,
 (COALESCE(kd_value,'') || CASE WHEN COALESCE(kd_unit,'')!='' THEN ' '||kd_unit ELSE '' END) AS kd_reported,
 CAST(NULLIF(kd_log10_molar,'') AS REAL) AS kd_log10_molar,
 measurement_class, binding_constant_type, 'Gold' AS tier, k.tier AS source_origin,
 CASE
   WHEN vh.verdict='confirmed' THEN 'human_verified'
   WHEN vh.verdict='corrected' THEN 'human_corrected'
   WHEN vh.verdict='rejected'  THEN 'human_rejected'
   WHEN k.verification_status='agent_verified_L2' THEN 'multi_agent_verified'
   WHEN k.verification_status IN ('verified','CONFIRM') THEN 'extraction_verified'
   ELSE 'automated'
 END AS verification_level,
 sequence_status, seq_source, pi_provenance_flag,
 assay_method,
 CAST(NULLIF(assay_temperature_k,'') AS REAL) AS assay_temperature_k,
 CAST(NULLIF(assay_ph,'') AS REAL) AS assay_ph,
 assay_buffer, assay_cations, aptamer_chemistry, aptamer_modifications,
 source_pmid, doi, verbatim_quote, source_db
FROM kd_measurements k LEFT JOIN verification_human vh ON vh.row_id=k.source_record_id
WHERE LOWER(COALESCE(k.include_in_gold,''))='true';

Binding affinities (Kd) — source-verified (view)

16 rows where assay_method = "fluorescence", sequence_status = "pending_manual_supp" and verification_level = "multi_agent_verified" sorted by kd_log10_molar

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