Binding affinities (Kd) — source-verified (view)

742 distinct verbatim-verified aptamer–target Kd measurements (canonical Gold v1; 555 intrinsic-equilibrium; 300 unique targets; 287 publications; 435 carry a verbatim-verified sequence). ★HOW TO READ: 'kd_reported' is the value EXACTLY as written in the paper (units are MIXED — pM/nM/M — so it is NOT directly comparable). To compare, sort, or train an ML model, use ONLY 'kd_log10_molar' (lower = tighter) and filter measurement_class=intrinsic + target_type=protein. The same target appears in several rows because of different aptamers, assays, conditions (temperature/buffer) or papers — see those columns. For a clean ready-to-use subset use the 'kd_ready_to_use' query. Source: corpus literature-extraction pipeline (E. Dohi).

Data license: CC BY 4.0 · Data source: apt-scout automated curation pipeline (E. Dohi, NCNP) — values harvested from public databases; raw source stored per target

target_name_canonical
Target as named in the source paper.
target_type
protein / cell-line+EV / glycan-conjugate. Filter to 'protein' for molecular targets.
target_uniprot
UniProt accession when a human protein (sparse for now; links to apt-scout target).
aptamer_name
Aptamer identifier as reported.
kd_reported
Kd value AS REPORTED in the paper (value + unit). Units are MIXED — do NOT compare this column directly.
kd_log10_molar
log10(Kd in molar). THE column to sort / compare / learn on (lower = tighter).
measurement_class
intrinsic = equilibrium vs purified target; non_intrinsic = apparent/cellular or avidity (NOT comparable to intrinsic).
binding_constant_type
Kd / apparent-Kd etc. as reported.
assay_method
SPR / filter binding / flow cytometry / ITC / BLI …
assay_temperature_k
Assay temperature (K) — a reason the same pair can have several rows.
source_pmid
PubMed ID of the source paper (links out).
verbatim_quote
The exact sentence the value was taken from.
verification_level
QC status (honest, growing): human_verified / human_corrected = a logged human verdict from the stratified-random sample; multi_agent_verified = passed independent multi-agent (L2) check; extraction_verified = extraction-pipeline verified; automated. Human verification is in progress: as of this release 0 records carry a logged human verdict — the published set is multi-agent-/extraction-verified, and human spot-checking is being added post-publication (version-tracked). No record is labelled human_verified without a logged human review.
sequence_status
Aptamer-sequence provenance: verified_in_text_or_SI = sequence verbatim-verified against the source text/SI (shown); pending_manual_supp / pending_supp_oa / pending_manual_figure = sequence reported only in a (often paywalled) SI or a figure, being curated post-submission; no_single_sequence_pool = a pool/library/primer, no single sequence exists.
pi_provenance_flag
PI manual-review flag: KEEP_seq_in_figure = valid record, sequence is in a 3D-structure figure; FLAG_cited_data = Kd may be a value cited from elsewhere, re-verify. (EXCLUDE rows are hidden from this view.)
seq_source
original (already in source DB) / backfill_text_verified (recovered from paper or SI text).

233 rows where measurement_class = "intrinsic", sequence_status = "verified_in_text_or_SI" and verification_level = "extraction_verified" sorted by kd_log10_molar

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Suggested facets: source_origin, seq_source, assay_temperature_k, assay_ph, assay_buffer, aptamer_chemistry, source_db

target_type 2

binding_constant_type 2

verification_level 1

  • extraction_verified · 233 ✖

tier 1

sequence_status 1

  • verified_in_text_or_SI · 233 ✖

measurement_class 1

  • intrinsic · 233 ✖
id target_name_canonical target_type target_uniprot aptamer_name aptamer_seq kd_reported kd_log10_molar ▼ measurement_class binding_constant_type tier source_origin verification_level sequence_status seq_source pi_provenance_flag assay_method assay_temperature_k assay_ph assay_buffer assay_cations aptamer_chemistry aptamer_modifications source_pmid doi verbatim_quote source_db
44 IL-8 protein P10145 8A-35 GGGGGCUUAUCAUUCCAUUUAGUGUUAUGAUAACC 1.72e-12 M -11.764 intrinsic Kd Gold v4 extraction_verified verified_in_text_or_SI original   SPR 298.0 7.4 HBST running buffer (10 mM HEPES, pH 7.4, 150 mM NaCl, and 0.005% Tween 20)   2'F-RNA 2'-fluoro-pyrimidine modified 24129312 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2013.09.107 | 8A-35 | 5.78 x 10 4 | 9.95 x 10 -8 | 1.72 x 10 -12 | 2.80 | 3.11 x 10 1 | step2c_literal_v3
621 nucleolin protein P19338 Cy5-AT11-B0 TGGTGGTGGTTGGTGGTGGTGGTGGT 3.3e-12 M -11.481 intrinsic Kd Gold elsevier extraction_verified verified_in_text_or_SI original         text       31301466 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2019.118511 yielding K D values of 5.2 × 10 -12 and 3.3 × 10 -12 M for Cy5-AT11 G4 C8 and Cy5-AT11-B0 G4 C8 elsevier_step2c
620 nucleolin protein P19338 Cy5-AT11 TGGTGGTGGTTGTTGTGGTGGTGGTGGT 5.2e-12 M -11.284 intrinsic Kd Gold elsevier extraction_verified verified_in_text_or_SI original         text       31301466 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2019.118511 yielding K D values of 5.2 × 10 -12 and 3.3 × 10 -12 M for Cy5-AT11 G4 C8 and Cy5-AT11-B0 G4 C8 elsevier_step2c
618 nucleolin protein P19338 Cy5-AT11 TGGTGGTGGTTGTTGTGGTGGTGGTGGT 9.1e-12 M -11.041 intrinsic Kd Gold elsevier extraction_verified verified_in_text_or_SI original         text       31301466 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2019.118511 K D values of 9.1 × 10 -12 and 9.5 × 10 -12 M for Cy5-AT11 G4 and Cy5-AT11-B0 G4 elsevier_step2c
619 nucleolin protein P19338 Cy5-AT11-B0 TGGTGGTGGTTGGTGGTGGTGGTGGT 9.5e-12 M -11.022 intrinsic Kd Gold elsevier extraction_verified verified_in_text_or_SI original         text       31301466 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2019.118511 K D values of 9.1 × 10 -12 and 9.5 × 10 -12 M for Cy5-AT11 G4 and Cy5-AT11-B0 G4 elsevier_step2c
623 Malate Synthase protein Q8N0X4 MS10-Trunc GGTGGTGGTGG 19.0 pM -10.721 intrinsic Kd Gold elsevier extraction_verified verified_in_text_or_SI original         abstract       31704587 10.1016/j.omtn.2019.09.026 MS10-Trunc aptamer exhibited high af fi nity for MS (equilibrium dissociation constant [KD] 19 pM) elsevier_step2c
140 PDGF-C protein P01127 α-PC CTACTGTGTGATGTCTGAGAGCAGCGTCTAAACGAACAAGCGAACCTATGCACAGAGGACAGTACATCAGACAC 20.0 pM -10.699 intrinsic KD Gold v4 extraction_verified verified_in_text_or_SI original   SPR   7.4 HBS-EP + (10-mM HEPES, 150-mM NaCl, 3-mM EDTA, and 0.05% Tween 20, pH 7.4)   DNA PEG 42138517 10.1167/iovs.67.5.36 SPR analysis demonstrated that the α -PC aptamer bound tightly to PDGF-C with a dissociation constant ( KD ) of 20 pM step2c_literal_v3
669 bevacizumab protein P31995 A14#1 GCGGTTGGTGGTAGTTACGTTCGC 44.0 pM -10.357 intrinsic Kd Gold elsevier extraction_verified verified_in_text_or_SI original         abstract       35114463 10.1016/j.bios.2022.114027 affinity of A14#1 to bevacizumab markedly increased at pH 4.7 ( K D = 44 pM) elsevier_step2c
9 sLe X -BSA glycan/conjugate Q9NSU2 Clone 5 GGUGCAGGUCACUUCGAUGAGUGUAAAGCACAGGUAAGUGUCUUGGUAGAAUCGGAGUCGGUGACCGUU 5.7e-11 M -10.244 intrinsic Kd Gold v4 extraction_verified verified_in_text_or_SI original KEEP_seq_in_figure SPR 298.15 7.4 RNA binding buffer [150 mM NaCl, 20 mM Hepes (pH 7.4), 1 mM CaCl2, 1 mM MgCl2] 1.0 RNA   11178986 10.1006/bbrc.2001.4327 sLe X -BSA | 6.4 3 10 7 | 3.7 3 10 2 3 | 1.7 3 10 10 | 5.7 3 10 2 11 step2c_literal_v3
3 sLe X -BSA glycan/conjugate Q9NSU2 Clone 5 GGUGCAGGUCACUUCGAUGAGUGUAAAGCACAGGUAAGUGUCUUGGUAGAAUCGGAGUCGGUGACCGUU 8.5e-11 M -10.071 intrinsic Kd Gold v4 extraction_verified verified_in_text_or_SI original KEEP_seq_in_figure SPR 298.15 7.4 RNA binding buffer [150 mM NaCl, 20 mM Hepes (pH 7.4), 1 mM CaCl2, 1 mM MgCl2] 1.0 RNA   11178986 10.1006/bbrc.2001.4327 Clone 5 | 1.3 3 10 5 | 1.1 3 10 2 5 | 1.1 3 10 10 | 8.5 3 10 2 11 step2c_literal_v3
547 ofloxacin protein Q9H015 Q2 ATACCAGCTTATTCAATTGCAGGGTATCTGAGGCTTGATCTACTAAATGTCGTGGGGCATTGCTATTGGCGTTGATACGTACAATCGTAATCAGTTAG 0.11 nM -9.959 intrinsic Kd Gold elsevier extraction_verified verified_in_text_or_SI original         text       26547431 10.1016/j.bios.2015.10.069 Their K D values were calculated at K D 1⁄4 0.11 nM ( 7 0.06) for aptamer Q2 elsevier_step2c
548 ofloxacin protein Q9H015 Q8 ATACCAGCTTATTCAATTAGTTGTGTATTGAGGTTTGATCTAGGCATAGTCAACAGAGCACGATCGATCTGGCTTGTTCTACAATCGTAATCAGTTAG 0.2 nM -9.699 intrinsic Kd Gold elsevier extraction_verified verified_in_text_or_SI original         text       26547431 10.1016/j.bios.2015.10.069 K D 1⁄4 0.20 nM ( 7 0.09) for aptamer Q8 elsevier_step2c
558 OH-BDE47 protein   BDE-A-8 GACAGCCGGGGCATCAGAGCAGCCGATTGTCTGTTGTGCC 0.2 nM -9.699 intrinsic Kd Gold elsevier extraction_verified verified_in_text_or_SI original         text       27566357 10.1016/j.aca.2016.06.040 The dissociation constant (Kd) of BDE-A-8 and BDE-A-12 were 0.20 nM (~0.08 ppb) and 1.53 nM (~0.8 ppb), respectively, in PBS buffer condition. elsevier_step2c
639 thrombin protein P00734 29-mer thrombin-specific aptamer AGTCCGTGGTAGGGCAGGTTGGGGTGACT 298.0 pM -9.526 intrinsic Kd Gold elsevier extraction_verified verified_in_text_or_SI original         text       32570818 10.3390/s20123442 The n-curve analysis provided a Kd of 298 pM ( + 111 / 81 pM) elsevier_step2c
660 20 Methyl Spirolide G protein   SPX 7 GGCGGTGTGGGTACCACGAGGTTTGGACGCGCGTAGCACCCCATTCAGC 3e-10 M -9.523 intrinsic Kd Gold elsevier extraction_verified verified_in_text_or_SI original         text       34144421 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.130332 The present study, among the aptamers selected, the aptamer with highest affinity had a dissociation constant of 0.3 nM for SPX G elsevier_step2c
554 chimeric-tPA protein   Chi-tPA 1 TTCCAACGGTTGGTGGGTGGTT 0.32 nM -9.495 intrinsic Kd Gold elsevier extraction_verified verified_in_text_or_SI original         abstract       26876003 10.1016/j.pep.2016.02.004 selected aptamer having KD values of 0.320 nM elsevier_step2c
530 AGEs-HSA protein   #9s TCTGCCACCCTCCGACTAACATATCCGGCCTGAGACCA 0.57 nM -9.244 intrinsic Kd Gold elsevier extraction_verified verified_in_text_or_SI backfill_text_verified         abstract       24012635 10.1016/j.mvr.2013.08.010 Surface plasmon resonance analysis revealed that K D values of #4s, #7s and #9s were 0.63, 0.36, and 0.57 nM, respectively. elsevier_step2c
529 AGEs-HSA protein   #4s CAGAATCGGGGACCACGACACTGCACATACCTCGTACGAA 0.63 nM -9.201 intrinsic Kd Gold elsevier extraction_verified verified_in_text_or_SI backfill_text_verified         abstract       24012635 10.1016/j.mvr.2013.08.010 Surface plasmon resonance analysis revealed that K D values of #4s, #7s and #9s were 0.63, 0.36, and 0.57 nM, respectively. elsevier_step2c
634 Immunoglobulin E protein Q96D42 IgE37-T10-FAM GGGGCACGTTTATCCGTCCCTAGTGGCGTGCCCC 0.8 nM -9.097 intrinsic Kd Gold elsevier extraction_verified verified_in_text_or_SI original         abstract       32498825 10.1016/j.talanta.2020.121018 The FA assay using T10-labeled aptamer with a dissociation constant ( K d) about 0.8 nM elsevier_step2c
33 Tasset - thrombin complex protein   Bock GGTTGGTGTGGTTGG 0.87 nM -9.06 intrinsic Kd Gold v4 extraction_verified verified_in_text_or_SI original   BSI 283.15 7.5 50 mM TRIS buffer (pH 7.5) containing 100 mM NaCl and 1 mM MgCl2 1.0 DNA   22032342 10.1021/ac202823m Bock - [Tasset complex] | not available | 0.87 ( 0.18 nM step2c_literal_v3
38 alpha-thrombin protein P05154 RNAR9D-14T GGCGGUCGAUCACACAGUUCAAACGUAAUAAGCCAAUGUACGAGGCAGACGACUCGCC 1.0 nM -9.0 intrinsic Kd Gold v4 extraction_verified verified_in_text_or_SI original   filter_binding 310.15 7.4 Hepes-saline buffer with 0.01% BSA   2'F-RNA 2' Fluorocytosine; 2' Fluorouracil 22385910 10.1111/j.1538-7836.2012.04679.x Nitrocellulose filter binding indicates that RNAR9D-14T binds with high affinity to both human prothrombin (apparent K d =10 nM) and α-thrombin (apparent Kd =1 nM) step2c_literal_v3
39 prothrombin protein P00734 RNAR9D-14T GGCGGUCGAUCACACAGUUCAAACGUAAUAAGCCAAUGUACGAGGCAGACGACUCGCC 1.4 nM -8.854 intrinsic Kd Gold v4 extraction_verified verified_in_text_or_SI original   SPR 298.15 7.4 Hepes-saline buffer   2'F-RNA 2' Fluorocytosine; 2' Fluorouracil 22385910 10.1111/j.1538-7836.2012.04679.x Compared with ARC-183, RNAR9D-14T has a >40-fold higher affinity for prothrombin ( K D RNAR9D-14T = 1.4 nM step2c_literal_v3
559 OH-BDE47 protein   BDE-A-12 ATTGCACGTCTCCGCCGCTTGGGTGGAGAGGCTATTCGGC 1.53 nM -8.815 intrinsic Kd Gold elsevier extraction_verified verified_in_text_or_SI original         text       27566357 10.1016/j.aca.2016.06.040 The dissociation constant (Kd) of BDE-A-8 and BDE-A-12 were 0.20 nM (~0.08 ppb) and 1.53 nM (~0.8 ppb), respectively, in PBS buffer condition. elsevier_step2c
41 hOX40 protein   9C7 GGGAGGACGATGCGGAAAAAAGAACACUUCCGAUUAGGGCCCACCCUAACGGCCGCAGACGACTCGCCCGA 1.7 nM -8.77 intrinsic Kd Gold v4 extraction_verified verified_in_text_or_SI original   filter_binding 310.15 7.5 selection buffer F (20 mM HEPES, 150 mM NaCl, 2 mM CaCl2, and 0.01% BSA)   2'F-RNA   23113766 10.1089/nat.2012.0388 9C7 | 11 | 1.7 step2c_literal_v3
35 Bock - thrombin complex protein Q86YV9 Tasset CAGTCCGTGGTAGGGCAGGTTGGGGTGACTTCGTGGAA 1.9 nM -8.721 intrinsic Kd Gold v4 extraction_verified verified_in_text_or_SI original   BSI 283.15 7.5 50 mM TRIS buffer (pH 7.5) containing 100 mM NaCl and 1 mM MgCl2 1.0 DNA   22032342 10.1021/ac202823m Tasset - [Bock complex] | not available | 1.9 ( 0.2 nM step2c_literal_v3
649 THY1 protein P04216 XA-B217 CAGGGGACGCACCAAGGTTGCCCACCGACGTGCAGGCGAACTACAGGCACGCGGCCATGACCCGCGTGCTG 2.0 nM -8.699 intrinsic Kd Gold elsevier extraction_verified verified_in_text_or_SI original         text       33242496 10.1016/j.biochi.2020.11.018 The equilibrium dissociation constants, Kd, were derived from these curves and are determined as ... XA-B217=2 nM elsevier_step2c
565 Progesterone protein P06401 PG13T2 GATTAACATTAGCCCACCGCCCACC 2.1 nM -8.678 intrinsic Kd Gold elsevier extraction_verified verified_in_text_or_SI original         text       28237255 10.1016/j.ab.2017.02.014 The dissociation constant of the PG13T2-P4 complex calculated using non-linear regression fi tting of the obtained curve was found to be 2.1 nM. elsevier_step2c
727 IL-23 protein P26951 A23P15 GGTCACTTCCAACGCTTA 2.139 nM -8.67 intrinsic Kd Gold elsevier extraction_verified verified_in_text_or_SI backfill_text_verified         text       38810331 10.1016/j.jpba.2024.116245 the Kd values for A23P3, A23P6, and A23P15 were determined to be 1.37, 2.88, and 2.139 nM, respectively elsevier_step2c
508 alpha-fetoprotein protein P02771 AFP-specific ssDNA aptamer GGCAGGAAGACAAACAAGCTTGGCGGCGGGAAGGTGTTTAAATTCCCGGGTCTGCGTGGTCTGTGGTGCTGT 2.37 nM -8.625 intrinsic Kd Gold elsevier extraction_verified verified_in_text_or_SI original         text       22410487 10.1016/j.bios.2012.02.024 The K d of the AFP-specific ssDNA was calculated to be 2.37 nM elsevier_step2c
30 thrombin protein P00734 HD22 AGTCCGTGGTAGGGCAGGTTGGGGTGACT 2.4e-09 M -8.62 intrinsic Kd Gold v4 extraction_verified verified_in_text_or_SI original   SPR         DNA   18826387 10.1111/j.1538-7836.2008.03162.x HD22 | Thrombin | K D ( M) | 2.4 · 10 ) 9 step2c_literal_v3
537 Prostate Specific Antigen protein P07288 Apta TTTAAATAGCATTAAAGCTCGCCATCAAATAGC 2.6 nM -8.585 intrinsic Kd Gold elsevier extraction_verified verified_in_text_or_SI original         abstract       25569871 10.1016/j.bios.2014.12.033 The change in current is used to determine the PSA -aptamer dissociation constant KD , of ca. 2.6 nM. elsevier_step2c
712 Neuron specific enolase protein P09104 P-5C8G TCACACAGGGAGCTCTCCTACATTAATAACGCATTGCGTT 2.76 nM -8.559 intrinsic Kd Gold elsevier extraction_verified verified_in_text_or_SI original         abstract       38091739 10.1016/j.talanta.2023.125535 The dissociation constant ( K d) of these candidates to NSE was determined to be 10.13 nM, 14.82 nM, and 2.76 nM, respectively. elsevier_step2c
16 thrombin protein P00734 TBA GGTTGGTGTGGTTGG 2.86e-09 M -8.544 intrinsic Kd Gold v4 extraction_verified verified_in_text_or_SI original   SPR         DNA biotin at 3' end; six-carbon spacer 16053288 10.1021/ac0502450 thrombin | 2.2 10 5 | 6.3 10 - 4 | 3.4 10 8 | 2.86 10 - 9 step2c_literal_v3
726 IL-23 protein P26951 A23P6 GGTCTACGTCGAATCGTATA 2.88 nM -8.541 intrinsic Kd Gold elsevier extraction_verified verified_in_text_or_SI backfill_text_verified         text       38810331 10.1016/j.jpba.2024.116245 the Kd values for A23P3, A23P6, and A23P15 were determined to be 1.37, 2.88, and 2.139 nM, respectively elsevier_step2c
65 hCD4 protein P01730 U26 CGATGTCGACGTGCAGCTTCCTTGAGCCTTACTGAAAATACTACCCAGTCC 2.93 nM -8.533 intrinsic Kd Gold v4 extraction_verified verified_in_text_or_SI original   qPCR 298.15 7.4 1× PBS pH 7.4   DNA biotin 32567629 10.1039/d0an00634c U26 exhibited the highest binding affinity ( K d = 2.93 ± 1.03 nM) to hCD4-conjugated beads. step2c_literal_v3
11 sLe X glycan/conjugate Q9NSU2 Clone 5 GGUGCAGGUCACUUCGAUGAGUGUAAAGCACAGGUAAGUGUCUUGGUAGAAUCGGAGUCGGUGACCGUU 3.3e-09 M -8.481 intrinsic Kd Gold v4 extraction_verified verified_in_text_or_SI original KEEP_seq_in_figure SPR   7.4 RNA binding buffer [150 mM NaCl, 20 mM Hepes (pH 7.4), 1 mM CaCl2, 1 mM MgCl2] 1.0 RNA   11178986 10.1006/bbrc.2001.4327 sLe X | 1.7 3 10 5 | 5.5 3 10 2 4 | 3.0 3 10 8 | 3.3 3 10 2 9 step2c_literal_v3
635 Immunoglobulin E protein Q96D42 Unlabeled anti-IgE aptamer GGGGCACGTTTATCCGTCCCTAGTGGCGTGCCCC 3.5 nM -8.456 intrinsic Kd Gold elsevier extraction_verified verified_in_text_or_SI original         text       32498825 10.1016/j.talanta.2020.121018 close to the K d of the unlabeled aptamer (3.5 nM) elsevier_step2c
651 gonyautoxin 1/4 protein   tGO18-T-d TTGGTCGGGCAAGGTAGGTT 3.6 nM -8.444 intrinsic Kd Gold elsevier extraction_verified verified_in_text_or_SI original         text       33294137 10.1016/j.csbj.2020.10.041 Corresponding Kd values of GO18-T-d and tGO18-T-d, determined by the average of 8 independent measurements, were 75.63 nM and 3.60 nM, respectively. elsevier_step2c
737 Surface Antigen 1 protein P01730 SOK14 CGGACATTGTACCGTTGGGTGGGAGATAGTAAGTGAATAAGGGCGAATTCCACACACTGG 3.736 nM -8.428 intrinsic Kd Gold elsevier extraction_verified verified_in_text_or_SI original         text       40288708 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2025.143530 SOK14 (3.736 nM, R 2 = 0.7367) elsevier_step2c
34 human α-thrombin protein P00734 Tasset CAGTCCGTGGTAGGGCAGGTTGGGGTGACTTCGTGGAA 3.84 nM -8.416 intrinsic Kd Gold v4 extraction_verified verified_in_text_or_SI original   BSI 283.15 7.5 50 mM TRIS buffer (pH 7.5) containing 100 mM NaCl and 1 mM MgCl2 1.0 DNA   22032342 10.1021/ac202823m Tasset - thrombin | 0.5 - 1.0 nM 14 | 3.84 ( 0.68 nM step2c_literal_v3
682 Carcinoembryonic antigen protein P06731 GAC-P GACATACCAGCTTATTCAATT 3.93 nM -8.406 intrinsic Kd Gold elsevier extraction_verified verified_in_text_or_SI original         text       35517255 10.1039/c8ra10163a The K d value for P-ATG, GAC-P, P-GTG, and P was determined to be 4.62 nM, 3.93 nM, 7.33 nM, and 6.95 nM, respectively. elsevier_step2c
735 Surface Antigen 1 protein P01730 SOK18 CGGGAGAGATAGTAAGTGCAAGGGCGAATTCTGCAGATATCCATCACACTGGCGGCAGC 4.034 nM -8.394 intrinsic Kd Gold elsevier extraction_verified verified_in_text_or_SI original         text       40288708 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2025.143530 SOK18 (4.034 nM, R 2 = 0.8422) elsevier_step2c
732 Surface Antigen 1 protein P01730 SOK3 GGACACCAAGTGCAATCTATACCAGCTTATTCAATAAGGGCGAATTCCAGCACACTGGCG 4.185 nM -8.378 intrinsic Kd Gold elsevier extraction_verified verified_in_text_or_SI original         text       40288708 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2025.143530 SOK3 (4.185 nM, R 2 = 0.8153) elsevier_step2c
59 RAGE protein P80511 RAGE-aptamer (clone #2) TCTGTTCAGGTTGGTACGGTGGAAGGTGTGATTCACGAGG 4.44 nM -8.353 intrinsic Kd Gold v4 extraction_verified verified_in_text_or_SI original   QCM         DNA phosphorothioate 28385802 10.2337/db16-1281 #2RAGE-aptamer | tcTgTTcAggTTggTAcggTggAAggTgTgATTcAcgAgg | 4.44±0.56 step2c_literal_v3
652 Thyroglobulin protein P01266 Seq.T-2 CGCGTGAGCGGGGAGGCGATGCCCAGGCTAACTTGACTCA 4.51 nM -8.346 intrinsic Kd Gold elsevier extraction_verified verified_in_text_or_SI original         text       33303143 10.1016/j.talanta.2020.121690 kon = 3.2 × 10 5 M 1 s 1 , koff = 1.44 × 10 3 s 1 , Kd = 4.51 nM elsevier_step2c
681 Carcinoembryonic antigen protein P06731 P-ATG ATACCAGCTTATTCAATTATG 4.62 nM -8.335 intrinsic Kd Gold elsevier extraction_verified verified_in_text_or_SI original         text       35517255 10.1039/c8ra10163a The K d value for P-ATG, GAC-P, P-GTG, and P was determined to be 4.62 nM, 3.93 nM, 7.33 nM, and 6.95 nM, respectively. elsevier_step2c
517 Hemagglutinin (HA) protein of AIV H5N1 (A/Vietnam/1203/04) protein   Aptamer sequence (2) GTGTGCATGGATAGCACGTAACGGTGTAGTAGATACGTGCGGGTAGGAAGAAAGGGAAATAGTTGTCCTGTTG 4.65 nM -8.333 intrinsic KD Gold elsevier extraction_verified verified_in_text_or_SI original         text       23523887 10.1016/j.jviromet.2013.03.006 the KD (dissociation constants) was 4.65 nM, indicating strong binding between the HA protein and the selected aptamer. elsevier_step2c
527 Oxytetracycline protein Q9Y694 OTC3 CGACGCACAGTCGCTGGTGCGTACCTGGTTGCCGTTGTGT 4.7 nM -8.328 intrinsic Kd Gold elsevier extraction_verified verified_in_text_or_SI original         text       24011458 10.1016/j.bios.2013.08.003 The lowest K d value (4.7 nM) was obtained with the aptamer OTC3. elsevier_step2c
115 HFIXa protein   Seq 11 ATTGGCACTCCACGCATAGGCCGCCCACTTAAGCGCACGCGTCGACGATTTCGCACAGTCCCTATGCGTGCTACCGTGAA 4.93 nM -8.307 intrinsic Kd Gold v4 extraction_verified verified_in_text_or_SI original   ITC 298.15 7.4 1 × HEPES (pH 7.4)   DNA FAM 38776649 10.1016/j.bioorg.2024.107463 Seq 11- | 7.4 | 0.983 | 203 ± | 4.93 | 130.6 | 279 | 47.42 step2c_literal_v3
58 RAGE protein P80511 RAGE-aptamer (clone #1) CCTGATATGGTGTCACCGCCGCCTTAGTATTGGTGTCTAC 5.68 nM -8.246 intrinsic Kd Gold v4 extraction_verified verified_in_text_or_SI original   QCM         DNA phosphorothioate 28385802 10.2337/db16-1281 #1RAGE-aptamer | ccTgATATggTgTcAccgccgccTTAgTATTggTgTcTAc | 5.68±1.10 step2c_literal_v3

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CREATE VIEW v_kd AS
SELECT k.id,
 target_name_canonical,
 CASE
   WHEN target_name_canonical LIKE '%cell%' OR target_name_canonical LIKE '%vesicle%' OR target_name_canonical LIKE '%exosome%' THEN 'cell/EV'
   WHEN target_name_canonical LIKE '%BSA%' OR target_name_canonical LIKE '%sLe%' OR target_name_canonical LIKE '%glycan%' OR target_name_canonical LIKE '% Le %' THEN 'glycan/conjugate'
   ELSE 'protein'
 END AS target_type,
 target_uniprot, aptamer_name, aptamer_seq,
 (COALESCE(kd_value,'') || CASE WHEN COALESCE(kd_unit,'')!='' THEN ' '||kd_unit ELSE '' END) AS kd_reported,
 CAST(NULLIF(kd_log10_molar,'') AS REAL) AS kd_log10_molar,
 measurement_class, binding_constant_type, 'Gold' AS tier, k.tier AS source_origin,
 CASE
   WHEN vh.verdict='confirmed' THEN 'human_verified'
   WHEN vh.verdict='corrected' THEN 'human_corrected'
   WHEN vh.verdict='rejected'  THEN 'human_rejected'
   WHEN k.verification_status='agent_verified_L2' THEN 'multi_agent_verified'
   WHEN k.verification_status IN ('verified','CONFIRM') THEN 'extraction_verified'
   ELSE 'automated'
 END AS verification_level,
 sequence_status, seq_source, pi_provenance_flag,
 assay_method,
 CAST(NULLIF(assay_temperature_k,'') AS REAL) AS assay_temperature_k,
 CAST(NULLIF(assay_ph,'') AS REAL) AS assay_ph,
 assay_buffer, assay_cations, aptamer_chemistry, aptamer_modifications,
 source_pmid, doi, verbatim_quote, source_db
FROM kd_measurements k LEFT JOIN verification_human vh ON vh.row_id=k.source_record_id
WHERE LOWER(COALESCE(k.include_in_gold,''))='true';